Notes, references & original credits

The story
behind the story.

Contemporary reporting, original manuals, recorded game credits and the people who were there.

The bibliography

Read the record.

Numbers correspond to the small citation links in the biography. Source notes preserve firsthand attribution, edition differences and the limits of each record.

  1. 01

    Edited studio coverage

    ‘Looking Glass,’ Next Generation, no. 4, April 1995, p. 60 (pp. 60–61 inspected)

    Contemporary studio reporting; byline and full feature extent unverified.

    Context for editors

    1992 merger, founders and the studio at the date reported; not a personal staff credit on every title.

  2. 02

    Edited participant account

    Art Min, ‘Postmortem: Multitude’s Fireteam,’ Game Developer, April 1999, pp. 50–54, 56, 58, 60

    Firsthand cofounder account gives April 1996; the June 1997 Red Herring profile gives February 1996. The year is supported; month unresolved. Early issue footers misprint 1998.

    Context for editors

    Art Min’s cofounder postmortem. Use his firsthand account, retain conflicting founding months and date the print issue to April 1999.

  3. 03

    Subject self-publication

    Edward Lerner, LinkedIn experience, read 28 October 2026

    Self-reported career dates. Maxis entry has an incomplete end-date display.

    Context for editors

    Ordinary career facts about Lerner only, subject to authenticity and weight. Sims 2 details and 2025 independent work are self-reported.

  4. 04

    Edited trade reporting

    ‘Sharing Sony’s tech: A look inside the Authoring Tools Framework,’ MCV/DEVELOP, 30 October 2014

    Ron Little discusses Lerner’s leadership. Current byline MCV Staff; Sony’s index attributes the original link to James Batchelor.

    Context for editors

    ATF context and Ron Little’s account of Lerner’s support for open source. Preserve creators’ separate roles and byline uncertainty.

  5. 05

    Edited personal feature

    John Jermaine, ‘Ned Lerner and Chuck Yeager: Taking Computer Flight to New Heights,’ Commodore Magazine, January 1988, 9(1), pp. 66–69, 110–111

    Substantial OCR inspected. Check scan typography before direct quotation.

    Context for editors

    Substantial early personal coverage. Interview answers are firsthand; verify scan typography before direct quotation.

  6. 06

    Employer announcement

    Sony Computer Entertainment America, GDC presence announcement, 3 March 2005

    Contemporary employer record of role and planned sessions.

    Context for editors

    Sony’s contemporaneous role and planned GDC participation; no independent acclaim or corporate-wide participation inferred.

  7. 07

    Edited business reporting

    Dean Takahashi, ‘Hearo launches its desktop and mobile co-watching party app,’ GamesBeat, 17 December 2020

    Independent reporting; later site update is not original publication date.

    Context for editors

    Hearo’s December 2020 app launch and reported history. Preserve original publication date, not migrated update date.

  8. 08

    Edited game review

    David M. Wilson, ‘Katana on a Hot Spinward Loop!,’ Computer Gaming World, no. 41, November 1987, pp. 42, 48

    Original pages visually inspected; names Lerner and Neurath as designers.

    Context for editors

    Names Lerner and Neurath as Deep Space designers; supports this attribution, not every database programming role or port.

  9. 09

    Original manual

    Space Rogue, Sunracer Owner’s Guide and Navigation Manual, p. 49 / PDF p. 53

    Original Programming credit; not proof for every port.

    Context for editors

    Exact shared Programming credit, with page locator. Do not propagate an unspecified original-manual credit to every port.

  10. 10

    Publisher magazine

    Jeff Hoff, ‘Yeager,’ Farther: The Electronic Arts Magazine, Summer 1987, 2(2), p. 1

    Publisher-owned magazine; original page visually inspected.

    Context for editors

    Contemporary EA material on Yeager and Lerner. Primary publisher material; distinct from independent personal coverage.

  11. 11

    Company annual report

    Electronic Arts, Annual Report 1994, printed p. 6 / PDF p. 122 in the Computer History Museum EA folder

    Publisher’s retrospective statement; original page and report cover visually checked. Does not establish EA-wide revenue rank.

    Context for editors

    Attribute EA’s exact first number-one IBM PC bestseller statement. Does not establish revenue rank or an IPO connection.

  12. 12

    Original manual verified

    Electronic Arts, F-22 Interceptor: Advanced Tactical Fighter, Sega Genesis manual, 1991, printed p. 43 / PDF p. 23

    Original publisher manual visually verified on 2 November: Design: Ned Lerner. The credit applies to this Genesis edition.

    Context for editors

    Printed p. 43 explicitly credits Design: Ned Lerner. Other people have Programming and Technical Director credits. The website now cites this original directly.

  13. 13

    Edited French interview

    ‘Ned Lerner’s Car and Driver,’ Joystick, no. 33, December 1992, pp. 86–87

    Two-page French interview inspected visually; next page is linked in the evidence catalog.

    Context for editors

    Two-page personal interview, pp. 86-87. Obtain accurate human translation for biography use; distinguish answers from editorial framing.

  14. 14

    Self-published third-party account

    Chris Green, ‘About,’ Chris Green Development Blog

    Firsthand career account. Does not establish absolute texture-mapping priority.

    Context for editors

    Useful discovery lead about Green’s own work. Do not use his personal blog to carry biographical claims about Lerner under living-person policy.

  15. 15

    Participant essay editorial status uncertain

    Paul Neurath, ‘The Story of Ultima Underworld,’ 23 June 2000, archived 13 June 2011

    Published firsthand account; acknowledges Lerner’s funding and Green’s algorithm.

    Context for editors

    Neurath’s retrospective is firsthand. Check publication/editorial control and seek edited corroboration before using claims about Lerner’s funding.

  16. 16

    Edited historical interview

    Sam Machkovech, Madden '93 and immersive sim origins: the secret history of Ultima Underworld, Game Developer, 14 December 2022

    Published Neurath interview; context for Underworld, not a personal Lerner staff credit.

    Context for editors

    Neurath’s recollections and Underworld context; not proof of a personal Lerner programming/design credit.

  17. 17

    Edited participant interview

    Christian Nutt, Ken Levine on Studio Culture: From Looking Glass to 2K Boston, Game Developer, 17 July 2009

    Levine’s account of Looking Glass and Irrational’s design culture. He expressly says he did not work on the original Ultima Underworld or System Shock.

    Context for editors

    Levine’s account of studio/design culture. Attribute his assessments; he did not work on the original Underworld or System Shock.

  18. 18

    Signed appraisal in reader poll

    Frank Cifaldi, The Gamasutra Quantum Leap Awards: First-Person Shooters, Game Developer, 1 September 2006

    Patrick Redding’s signed reader-poll contribution. Original System Shock received an honorable mention; System Shock 2 placed fifth.

    Context for editors

    Redding’s attributed assessment, not an objective historical ranking. Original System Shock is an honorable mention; System Shock 2 placed fifth.

  19. 19

    Edited participant interview

    David Houghton, ‘The world’s best game devs in their own words,’ GamesRadar+, 11 March 2009

    Ken Levine’s recollections name Lerner and Neurath.

    Context for editors

    Levine explicitly names Lerner and Neurath. Useful attributed studio-culture assessment, not proof that every alumnus reported to Lerner.

  20. 20

    Edited colleague reporting

    Tor Thorsen, Hollywood & Games: helping hype each other, GameSpot, 29 June 2006

    Blackley career reporting.

    Context for editors

    Blackley’s career and Xbox context. His later accomplishments do not establish personal authorship or mentorship by Lerner.

  21. 21

    Edited colleague reporting

    Kyle Orland, Valve Confirms Hiring Of Thief Designer Doug Church, Game Developer, 16 March 2011

    Reported Valve confirmation.

    Context for editors

    Church’s Valve hiring and earlier work. Use narrowly for Church; no personal reporting line to Lerner inferred.

  22. 22

    Employer biography

    Valve, People, Brian Jacobson biography

    Employer biography.

    Context for editors

    Valve’s account of Brian Jacobson’s career. Primary institutional record, not independent analysis of Lerner’s influence.

  23. 23

    Conference biography

    Advances in Real-Time Rendering in Games, SIGGRAPH 2007, Chris Green biography

    Conference biography, Valve affiliation and graphics work.

    Context for editors

    Green’s affiliation and graphics work. Useful institutional context; not proof of an absolute texture-mapping first.

  24. 24

    Self-published third-party testimony

    Marc ‘MAHK’ LeBlanc channel, ‘Original System Shock played by devs – 1 / 4,’ 2014, 52:17–52:30

    Original-developer commentary identified via transcript; individual speaker and audio transcription not established. Screenshot at 52:08.

    Context for editors

    Diego identification is a research lead. Living-person policy prevents using this self-published third-party claim as the biography’s sole support.

  25. 25

    Edited stream coverage

    Emanuel Maiberg, ‘Watch System Shock developers play and talk about the seminal game,’ PC Gamer, 23 September 2014

    Corroborates the developer-stream context; does not independently repeat the likeness identification.

    Context for editors

    Confirms developer-playthrough context, but does not repeat the Diego/Lerner likeness identification. It cannot cure that sourcing gap.

  26. 26

    Independent personal profile

    Andrew P. Madden, “The social engineer,” The Red Herring, June 1997

    Complete user-supplied excerpt visually read: cover plus five interior pages; no legible printed pagination. Gives February 1996 for Multitude, versus April in Min’s postmortem. Original scan and assessment are reproduced in the source packet.

    Context for editors

    Substantial cover-profile reporting. Attribute company/subject estimates and forecasts; pagination remains unverified.

  27. 27

    Edited contemporary game reporting

    John Alderman, ‘Fireteams Get Fired Up,’ WIRED, 17 December 1998

    Contemporary launch coverage.

    Context for editors

    FireTeam launch and voice/team-play design at release. No first-MOBA or first-Internet-arena conclusion.

  28. 28

    Contemporary eyewitness preview

    Jason Cross, ‘FireTeam,’ Online Gaming Review, 23 June 1997

    Eyewitness pre-alpha Internet demonstration; forecasts do not establish beta opening dates.

    Context for editors

    Documents the June 1997 Internet demonstration. Separate observed behavior from future plans and projected release/beta dates.

  29. 29

    Independent personal profile

    Andrew P. Madden, “Grateful Ned,” The Red Herring, July 1997

    Original archived web profile read in full. Reports the EA agreement with newly formed Lerner Research in 1985 and the Looking Glass merger in 1992; not a legal formation record or IPO revenue table.

    Context for editors

    The revised opening uses its bicycle business, Four-Phase retest and canceled-project anecdotes as period profile reporting. The 1985 EA agreement supports company activity, not legal incorporation or an IPO revenue claim.

  30. 30

    Editorial selection

    Jason Pontin, “Top 20 Entrepreneurs of 1997,” The Red Herring, July 1997

    Original introduction and complete list read. Names Lerner and links his profile. Editorial selections are alphabetical, not ranked; this is Top 20, not top ten.

    Context for editors

    Top 20 Entrepreneurs of 1997 inclusion. The list is alphabetical, not a numerical rank or a Top 10 list.

  31. 31

    Independent product review

    Tom Regan, ‘You’ll want to voice chat with this software,’ The Christian Science Monitor, 13 January 2000

    Contemporary FireTalk review read in full.

    Context for editors

    FireTalk capabilities and contemporary assessment. Does not establish largest-service status or Skype ancestry.

  32. 32

    Edited technology reporting

    Bill Michael, ‘Hey, Buddy…,’ EE Times, displayed date 11.05.2000

    The 1.7 million figure is expressly the company’s estimate; not a comparative market rank.

    Context for editors

    Keep 1.7 million users explicitly the company’s estimate. Displayed date is ambiguous; preserve it rather than guessing month/day.

  33. 33

    Academic product evaluation

    Duane Weaver, Deborah Guspie, Nolan Cox and Jon Baggaley, ‘Internet Audio Products,’ IRRODL 2(2), January 2002

    Original article body includes Cox, omitted by landing-page metadata.

    Context for editors

    Supports reported FireTalk distance-education capabilities/evaluation. Not a market ranking or personal biography.

  34. 34

    Edited business reporting

    Party Line, Forbes, 26 May 2003

    Original business report; no individual byline visible. Asset description covers FireTalk and HearMe together, without a price or per-company inventory.

    Context for editors

    Paltalk’s acquisition of FireTalk and HearMe assets described together. No per-company price or allocation established.

  35. 35

    Subject guest essay

    ‘We need more real-world prizes in our video games,’ GamesBeat, 23 September 2013

    Footer explicitly identifies Lerner as guest writer and former Maxis CTO; migrated header credits Dean Takahashi. Conflict preserved.

    Context for editors

    Footer identifies Lerner as guest writer and former Maxis CTO; migrated header differs. Not an independent EA-wide CTO appointment report.

  36. 36

    Official project documentation

    Sony Worldwide Studios, ATF Gallery

    Project documentation.

    Context for editors

    ATF examples, creators and tool adoption as documented by Sony. Generic LevelEditor image is not a particular shipped-game screenshot.

  37. 37

    Official project documentation

    Sony Worldwide Studios, ATF adoption documentation and gallery

    Third-party studio adoption; gallery at https://github.com/SonyWWS/ATF/wiki/ATF-Gallery documents specific tools and games.

    Context for editors

    Sony’s documented internal/external adoption. No personal credit on every adopting studio’s games inferred.

  38. 38

    Official conference presentation

    Paul T. Robinson, ‘Developer Toolchain for the PlayStation 4,’ LLVM Developers’ Meeting, 7 November 2013

    Dates Worldwide Studios’ LLVM work to 2008; no comparative team-size proof.

    Context for editors

    Documented PlayStation LLVM toolchain work. No comparative team-size/rank evidence; that search is closed.

  39. 39

    Subject-authored essays

    Ned Lerner, ‘Why open source software?,’ NedGames, 5 September 2014, and five subsequent essays

    All six archived articles read. Full bibliography in the writings supplement.

    Context for editors

    Lerner’s published views and authorship. Do not treat his essays as independent proof of historical influence or third-party claims.

  40. 40

    Original game credits

    God of War III, original PS3 credit roll, MahaloVideoGames recording, 4:39

    Visually verified: Edward Lerner, Director, Tools & Technology Group within SCEA Global Technology Group.

    Context for editors

    PS3 God of War III: Edward Lerner, Director, Tools & Technology Group. Prefer Sony-hosted manual corroboration when citing.

  41. 41

    Original game credits

    Gran Turismo 6, PS3 credit roll, V4 Rocket Cloud recording, 4:11

    Visually verified 29 October 2026: Ned Lerner, Director, Technology and Infrastructure, Tools and Technology Group.

    Context for editors

    PS3 Gran Turismo 6 tools-group Technology and Infrastructure credit; preserve hierarchy and platform.

  42. 42

    Original game credits

    Uncharted 4: A Thief's End, PS4 original credits, 32:33

    Original named tools-group credit.

    Context for editors

    PS4 Uncharted 4 tools-group engineering credit. A tools-group director is not the game director.

  43. 43

    Original game credits

    Horizon Zero Dawn, PS4 original credits, 20:42

    Original named tools-group credit.

    Context for editors

    PS4 Horizon Zero Dawn tools-group credit. Release after departure does not extend employment dates.

  44. 44

    Original game credits

    The Last of Us Remastered, PS4 Left Behind original credits, 9:35:36

    This sequence does not establish a 2013 PS3 main-story credit.

    Context for editors

    PS4 Remastered Left Behind sequence. This is not evidence for the 2013 PS3 main-story credit.

  45. 45

    Edited business reporting

    Dean Takahashi, ‘Hearo.Live launches esports viewing open beta and raises $1.8 million,’ GamesBeat, 7 February 2020

    Independent reporting; its Multitude founding year conflicts with contemporary/cofounder accounts.

    Context for editors

    Hearo’s 2020 open beta/funding. Its retrospective Multitude year conflicts with contemporary sources; use 1996 with conflict disclosed.

  46. 46

    Independent retrospective with interviews

    Mike Mahardy, “Ahead of its time: The history of Looking Glass,” Polygon, 6 April 2015

    Full original read in Chrome3November2026. Locators: The early days; The founding fathers; From ashes. Retrospective interview evidence, not a named game credit. Later flight-sequel wording does not establish employment dates or personal credits on those releases.

    Context for editors

    Corroborates Lerner’s Underworld financing and simulation leadership; contextualizes studio influence. Interview recollections remain attributed. Not a named game credit or proof of personal responsibility for every studio innovation.

  47. 47

    Published company biography

    PiQPiQ (Hearo), Form C and exhibits, 6 June 2022, biographical information, printed p. 15 / PDF p. 24

    Company biography explicitly describes Lerner as a producer on John Madden Football ’93. The sentence does not identify the platform. The SEC hosts the filing; that does not make the biographical assertion independently verified.

    Context for editors

    Attribute the producer statement to the company biography. Genesis is Lerner’s own platform identification, separate from the published sentence and from the original game credit screens.

  48. 48

    Period company-profile material

    Interactive Entertainment, Episode 14, 1995, Edward A. (Ned) Lerner profile and Looking Glass fact sheet

    Original CD-ROM text files ARTICLES/PROFILE/NED.RTF and NL_BIO.RTF name Lerner as Chairman of the Board and Executive Vice President. FACTS.RTF lists the company’s games. The precise issue month and an individual article byline remain unverified.

    Context for editors

    Supports the published corporate titles and studio-level context. It does not create an individual System Shock or Ultima Underworld II producer, designer or programming credit.

  49. 49

    Original publisher packaging

    Electronic Arts, F-22 Interceptor: Advanced Tactical Fighter, U.S. Sega Genesis box insert, ©1991, product 701501, front panel

    Original packaging scan visually read: front black margin says BY / NED LERNER / GENE KUSMIAK. A larger 3366×2100 copy is preserved by The Old Computer. The inspected back panel does not name either developer. This finding applies to the scanned U.S. layout, not every printing or region.

    Context for editors

    Supports prominent joint front-cover billing. The box byline does not allocate design versus programming; the original manual separately names Design: Ned Lerner and Programming: Gene Kusmiak. The archive is hosting the original artifact, not independently reporting its authorship.

  50. 50

    Original publisher packaging

    Electronic Arts, John Madden Football ’93, Sega Genesis front-cover billing, EASN and EA Sports branded variants

    Both cover images visually read: BY / LOOKINGGLASS / TECHNOLOGY™ / AND / EA STUDIOS. The Video Game Company preserves an EASN-branded cover image; Trade-N-Games shows an actual EA Sports-branded box. Exact printing and photograph dates are not established.

    Context for editors

    Supports LookingGlass Technology and EA Studios being billed on Genesis packaging. It does not name Ned Lerner or independently prove his producer role. The shop pages locate the artifacts; their sales descriptions are not independent career reporting.

Original credits & published accounts

The contribution matters.

A studio title or shared-tools role is different from an individual design, programming or producer credit. These records state the contribution supported for each selected game.

1987 · DOS and other editions

Chuck Yeager's Advanced Flight Trainer

Contribution: Developer; database role Software Design Implementation.

Published development evidence; full original DOS credit page remains unchecked.

Additional game databases
← Selected games

1992 · DOS

Car and Driver

Contribution: Conception/design: Edward Lerner in the original French DOS manual; MobyGames separately lists Technical Director.

Original printed credit verified3November; preserve differing source-role wording.

Additional game databases
← Selected games

1992 · Sega Genesis / Mega Drive

John Madden Football ’93

Contribution: Producer, identified by Lerner and expressly described in Hearo’s2022 published company biography; original named producer screen remains unverified. MobyGames separately lists Technical Director.

Original SEC-hosted biography printed15/PDF24 visually read3November. Company/self source, not independent corroboration; the platform comes from Lerner.

Additional game databases
← Selected games

1994 · Original DOS game

System Shock

Contribution: Looking Glass cofounder, Executive Vice President and Chairman of the Board; studio-level connection.

Next Generation April1995 cofounder feature and Interactive Entertainment14 executive biography/company portfolio. Exact project staff credit not required for the stated studio connection; Diego likeness is separate.

Additional game databases
← Selected games

Photo credits

From the archive.

Both photographs below come from the same 1987 image. The portrait is the existing Wikimedia Commons crop, rather than a separate sitting.

1987 portrait of Ned Lerner

Ned Lerner, 1987

Electronic Arts, Farther: The Electronic Arts Magazine, Summer 1987. Scan via Allan52 / Internet Archive; existing crop via Wikimedia Commons.

View file and rights statement ↗
Chuck Yeager and Ned Lerner in 1987

Chuck Yeager with Ned Lerner, 1987

Electronic Arts, Farther, Summer 1987. Individual photographer not identified. Yeager is on the left; Lerner is on the right.

View file and rights statement ↗

Reuse status

Wikimedia Commons marks the photograph and its crop public domain in the United States, using PD-US-1978-89 and PD-scan. Its file page explains the publication-without-notice assessment and warns that copyright can remain in other countries. That Commons assessment is preserved here; worldwide clearance has not been independently established.

The site uses the existing Commons image files unchanged. Commons records earlier rotation and removal of scan dirt. No AI reconstruction or facial alteration has been added.

Covers, gameplay & development tools

The games, in pictures.

Original cover art and publisher screenshots illustrate the selected games. Cover designs can vary by region and printing. An image identifies a game; the separate credit evidence establishes Lerner’s contribution.

Image credits and reuse

Game artwork, screenshots and manual photography remain copyrighted by their respective owners. These illustrations accompany the personal career history; no blanket free-reuse license is asserted. An image’s presence on Wikipedia does not transfer its article-specific non-free-use rationale to this website or to a biography.

This website is not endorsed by or affiliated with EA or its licensors.

Deep Space: Operation Copernicus — original game cover art

cover · Apple II / DOS

Deep Space: Operation Copernicus

Cover artwork: Sir-Tech. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Chuck Yeager's Advanced Flight Trainer — original game cover art

cover · DOS and other editions

Chuck Yeager's Advanced Flight Trainer

Cover artwork: Electronic Arts. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Space Rogue — original game cover art

cover · Original manual; port scope unspecified

Space Rogue

Cover artwork: Origin Systems. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
F-22 Interceptor — original game cover art

cover · Genesis / Mega Drive

F-22 Interceptor

Cover artwork: Electronic Arts. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Car and Driver — original game cover art

cover · DOS

Car and Driver

Cover artwork: Electronic Arts. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss — original game cover art

cover · DOS project

Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss

Cover artwork: Origin Systems. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
John Madden Football ’93 — original game cover art

cover · Sega Genesis / Mega Drive

John Madden Football ’93

Cover artwork: Electronic Arts. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
System Shock — original game cover art

cover · Original DOS game

System Shock

Cover artwork: Origin Systems. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Flight Unlimited — original game cover art

cover · DOS

Flight Unlimited

Cover artwork: Looking Glass Technologies. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
FireTeam — original game cover art

cover · Windows

FireTeam

Cover artwork: Multitude. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Uncharted 2: Among Thieves — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation 3

Uncharted 2: Among Thieves

Cover artwork: Sony Computer Entertainment / Naughty Dog. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
God of War III — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation 3

God of War III

Cover artwork: Sony Computer Entertainment / Santa Monica Studio. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation 3

Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

Cover artwork: Sony Computer Entertainment / Naughty Dog. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Uncharted: Golden Abyss — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation Vita

Uncharted: Golden Abyss

Cover artwork: Sony Computer Entertainment / Bend Studio. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Gran Turismo 6 — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation 3

Gran Turismo 6

Cover artwork: Sony Computer Entertainment / Polyphony Digital. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
MLB 14 The Show — publisher gameplay screenshot

screenshot · PlayStation 4

MLB 14 The Show

Sony Computer Entertainment / San Diego Studio

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
The Last of Us Remastered — publisher gameplay screenshot

screenshot · PlayStation 4

The Last of Us Remastered

Sony Computer Entertainment / Naughty Dog

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Uncharted 4: A Thief's End — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation 4

Uncharted 4: A Thief's End

Cover artwork: Sony / Naughty Dog. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Horizon Zero Dawn — original game cover art

cover · PlayStation 4

Horizon Zero Dawn

Cover artwork: Sony / Guerrilla Games. Individual cover artist not identified in this image record.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game illustration. Included for contextual discussion on the personal biography site; no free-reuse license or Wikipedia biography eligibility asserted.

Downloaded source image unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Car and Driver gameplay showing a Blue Sky Productions billboard.

gameplay still · Original DOS game, 1992

Car and Driver: Blue Sky billboard

Car and Driver game artwork; frame preserved from damsonn’s recorded playthrough, 16:04.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game imagery and recorded gameplay; no free-reuse license established.

Previously extracted video still copied unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗
Original Edward Diego monitor art beside Ned Lerner in the F-22 manual photograph.

historical comparison · System Shock (1994) and F-22 Interceptor manual (1991)

Edward Diego and Ned Lerner

System Shock game art, preserved by the System Shock fan wiki; Electronic Arts, F-22 Interceptor manual, PDF p. 2.

Rights & file notes

Copyrighted game artwork and manual photograph. No free-reuse license established. Developer commentary identifies the likeness; the comparison is not independent proof by resemblance.

Existing corrected research comparison copied unchanged. CSS clips the document to its two image panels; no new facial edits or reconstruction.

Image source & context ↗ Additional source ↗ Additional source ↗
ATF LevelEditor showing a scene viewport, object lists and property controls.

tool screenshot · Sony ATF gallery, LevelEditor sample

Authoring Tools Framework: LevelEditor

Sony Worldwide Studios / ATF project gallery.

Rights & file notes

ATF code is Apache-2.0; screenshot-specific licensing and depicted asset rights have not been independently established.

Official gallery image copied unchanged; CSS sizing only.

Image source & context ↗

Selected viewing

The films and the footage.

Original creator and publisher uploads are preferred, with the game edition identified. Gameplay, trailers and documentaries illustrate the work; they do not replace the original credit evidence. Links and channel metadata checked 3 November 2026.

Retrospective · Original System Shock (1994)

System Shock: Possibly the Most Influential Game Ever Made ↗

Channel: Alexander the ok. Alexander the ok’s retrospective on the original game and its development. The discussion identifying Ned as a consulted Looking Glass executive begins at 42:31.

Selection & source notes

Previously exported public-version transcript and selected moments checked. Claims about Google Earth causation and release chronology are not adopted as verified biography facts.

Gameplay · Original DOS game (1987)

Chuck Yeager's Advanced Flight Trainer gameplay (PC Game, 1987) ↗

Channel: Squakenet. See the original DOS flight simulator in motion, captured in DOSBox with its original sound.

Selection & source notes

Original game and platform identified by uploader; not Advanced Flight Trainer 2.0 or Chuck Yeager’s Air Combat. Uploader description misspells Lerner’s name; it is not used as credit evidence.

Retrospective · Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss (1992)

Ultima Underworld Retrospective | Forging a New Era ↗

Channel: Majuular. Majuular’s detailed retrospective explores the original Stygian Abyss and the design of its immersive world.

Selection & source notes

Original upload by Majuular. Selected for game-history and design context, not as a new personal credit source.

Gameplay · Original DOS game (1992)

Car and Driver • Electronic Arts / Lerner Research 1992 (Roland Sound / Wheel) ↗

Channel: damsonn. A clear recording of the original DOS game. Jump to the Blue Sky Productions billboard at 16:04.

Selection & source notes

Original page, description and gameplay around 15:59–16:06 previously inspected. Modern capture of old software, not a contemporary 1992 recording. Footage does not by itself establish texture-mapping priority.

Archival trailer · Multitude FireTeam (1998), work-in-progress trailer

Fireteam - Trailer ↗

Channel: Classic GameNET. A preserved 1998 work-in-progress trailer for Multitude’s game, from its early experiments with team play and live voice.

Selection & source notes

YouTube uploader describes it as “Multitude 1998 WIP Trailer”; player and original FireTeam imagery visually checked. Linked by IGDB for the original game. Preservation upload by Classic GameNET, not asserted to be Multitude’s official YouTube channel.

Gameplay · Original DOS game (1995)

Flight Unlimited gameplay (PC Game, 1995) ↗

Channel: Squakenet. A tour of the original 1995 aerobatic flight simulator, recorded in DOSBox with its original sound.

Selection & source notes

Selected original 1995 game, not Flight Unlimited II or III. Uploader describes a modern DOSBox capture.

Documentary · Original Horizon Zero Dawn, PS4 (2017)

The Making of Horizon Zero Dawn ↗

Channel: /noclip. Noclip visits Guerrilla to explore how the studio built its first Horizon game for PlayStation 4.

Selection & source notes

Original /noclip upload. Reupload npuOxr37irI was rejected in favor of the original creator’s channel. Not a documentary about the later remaster.

Developer commentary · Original System Shock (1994), recorded developer playthrough

Original System Shock played by devs - 1 / 4 ↗

Channel: Marc "MAHK" LeBlanc. The original team revisits the 1994 game. Jump to the Edward Diego likeness discussion at 52:17.

Selection & source notes

Previously checked developer commentary at 52:17–52:30; original game, not the 2023 remake. Firsthand recollection is attributed; not independent proof from facial resemblance.

Gameplay · Regular John Madden Football ’93, Genesis / Mega Drive

John Madden Football '93 (Sega Mega Drive / Genesis) Gameplay ↗

Channel: Time Extension. Time Extension’s gameplay recording of the Sega Mega Drive / Genesis game.

Selection & source notes

Editorial gaming channel Time Extension; title identifies the selected platform. Not SNES or Championship Edition. Footage is not producer-credit evidence.

Developer demo · God of War III, original PS3 development demo (2009)

E3 2009: God of War III Stage Demo ↗

Channel: GameSpot. GameSpot’s stage demonstration with developer Stig Asmussen introduces the PS3 game before release.

Selection & source notes

Contemporary GameSpot upload with developer commentary; a prerelease demo, not the 2015 PS4 remaster or the 2018 God of War.

Official trailer · Gran Turismo 6, PS3 (2013)

Gran Turismo 6 - Opening Movie / Launch Trailer ↗

Channel: PlayStation. PlayStation’s original opening movie and launch trailer for the PS3 racing game.

Selection & source notes

Original PlayStation upload; edition matches the verified Gran Turismo 6 credit. Promotional footage rather than an unedited gameplay session.

Official trailer · The Last of Us Remastered, PS4 (2014)

The Last of Us Remastered - Launch Trailer | PS4 ↗

Channel: PlayStation. The official launch trailer for the 2014 PS4 edition.

Selection & source notes

Exact 2014 PS4 edition. Lerner’s verified source remains the Left Behind credit sequence; this trailer does not establish an original PS3 main-story credit.

Making of · Original The Last of Us, PS3 (2013); documentary published 2014

Exclusive | Grounded: The making of The Last of Us ↗

Channel: PlayStation Europe. PlayStation Europe’s full making-of documentary about the original game, offered as development context.

Selection & source notes

Original PlayStation Europe upload, not a dubbed reupload. This documentary covers the original PS3 game; it does not establish a new Lerner credit for that edition. Kept separately from the PS4 Remastered trailer.

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